目錄
Chapter One
Fissure Characteristics Related to Moisture Adsorption Stresses in Rice
Section 1 Introduction
Section 2 Review of Literature
1 Moisture Adsorption and Desorption
2 Equilibrium Moisture Content
3 Rice Variety
4 Stress-Fissures and Cracks in Grain Kernels
Section 3 Materials and Methods
1 Materials
2 Sample Preparation
3 High Humidity Environments
4 Experimental Procedure
Section 4 Formulation of Moisture Diffusion Process
1 Mass Balance Equation
2 Diffusion Equation
3 Finite Element Formulation of Moisture Diffusion
4 Finite Difference Solution in the Time Domain
Section 5 Formulation of Hygroscopic Stresses
1 Stress-Strain Constitutive Relationship
2 Strain Energy
3 Failure Criterion
4 Hydro-Rheological Simple Material and Shift Factor
5 Internal Expansion of the Kernel
6 Integral Formulation of the Internal Displacement Problem
7 Computation of the Element Strain Energy of Distortion
Section 6 Implementation of the Finite Element Model
1 Rice Kernel Properties
2 Boundary Parameters
3 Finite Element Discretization of the Rice Kernel
Section 7 Results and Discussion
1 Retardation Times
2 Moisture Adsorption Determination
3 Fissure Characteristic Experiments
4 Moisture Gradients
5 Stress Analysis
6 Strain Energy Density of Distortion
7 Discussion of Assumptions
Section 8 Summary and Conclusions
1 Summary
2 Conclusions
3 Suggestions for Future Study
Chapter Two
Storage Condition Effects on Stress Relaxation and Fissuring Behavior in Rough Rice
Section 1 Introduction
Section 2 Review of Literature
1 Fissured Grains and Milling Yield
2 Moisture Adsorption
3 Optimum Harvesting Time
4 Crack Damage During Drying
5 Post-Drying Fissures
6 Mechanical and Rheological Properties
Section 3 Procedure
Section 4 Results and Discussion
1 Post-Drying Fissures
2 Drying Temperature Effect
3 Storage Relative Humidity Effect
4 Storage Temperature Effect
5 Optimum Storage Condition
6 Storage Condition Effect on the Breaking Strength of Rough Rice
7 Storage Condition Effect on Stress Relaxation Behavior of Rough Rice
Section 5 Summary and Conclusions
Chapter Three
Milling Quality of Partially Fissured Rough Rice
Section 1 Introduction
Section 2 Review of Literature
1 Causes of Rice Fissuring
2 Field Studies
3 Laboratory Studies
Section 3 Materials and Methods
1 General Procedure
2 Sample Preparation
3 Exposure in the Environmental Chamber
4 Quality Evaluation
5 Statistical Analysis
Section 4 Results and Discussion
1 Environmental Chamber Conditions
2 General Data Description
3 Interrelationship of Indicators of Milling Quality
4 Cyclic Effects
Section 5 Summary
Section 6 Conclusions
Chapter Four
Using Moisture Transport Properties of Rice Seed Components for Identifying Fissure Resistance
Section 1 Introduction
Section 2 Review of Literature
1 Rice Production and Consumption
2 Rice Economics
3 Rice Kernel Structure
4 Rice Breeding
5 Moisture Adsorption
6 Head Rice Yield Reduction and Fissures
7 Environmental Causes of Fissuring
8 Fissure Response in Different Varieties
9 Fissuring Mechanism
10 Stress Distribution
11 Models for Moisture Transport
12 Moisture Diffusivity
13 Summary
Section 3 Materials and Methods
1 Rice Preparation
2 Fissure Resistance
3 Determining Equilibrium Moisture Content
4 Moisture Diffusivity
5 Kernel Dimensions
6 Oven Moisture Content
Section 4 Results and Discussion
1 Fissure Resistance of the Four Varieties
2 Kernel Dimensions
3 Equilibrium Moisture Content of Brown Rice
4 Moisture Diffusivity and Resistance
5 Moisture Diffusivity, Gradients, and Kernel Fissuring
Section 5 Summary and Conclusions
1 Moisture Resistance, Diffusivity, and Fissure Resistance
2 Final Conclusions
3 Recommendations for Future Work
Chapter Five
The Effects of Moisture Adsorption on the Tensile Strength of Rice
Section 1 Introduction
Section 2 Review of Literature
1 Physical Properties of Rice as Affected by Moisture Adsorption
2 Technological Properties of Grains with Emphasis on Tensile Strength
Section 3 Materials and Test Facility
1 Selection of Rice: Varieties and Types
2 Environments
3 Dynamic Relative Humidity Systems
4 Adsorption or Inspection Chamber
5 Kernel Holding Devices
6 Tension Applying Apparatus and Recoding Instruments
7 Cross-Sectional Area Measuring Instruments
Section 4 Experimentation
1 General
2 Adsorption Experiments
3 Tensile Strength Experiments
Section 5 Results and Discussion
1 Retardation Times
2 Moisture Content Determination
3 Moisture Adsorption Determination
4 Tensile Strength Experiments
Section6 Summaryand Conclusions
1 Summary
2 Conclusions
Chapter Six
Moisture Levels at Which Rice Grains Verdi Not Fissure from Moisture Adsorption
Section 1 Introduction
Section 2 Review of Literature
1 Equilibrium Moisture Content
2 Factors Affecting Fissure Formation in Rice
3 Effect of Fissured Grains in Rice Processing
Section 3 Materials and Methods
1 Equipment
2 Systems to Produce Relative Humidity
3 Procedures
Section 4 Results and Discussion
1 Equilibrium Moisture Content
2 Rate of Moisture Adsorption
3 Critical Moisture Level
4 Statistical Analysis
Section 5 Conclusions
Chapter Seven
Environmental Conditions and Physical Properties Which Produce Fissures in Rice
Section 1 Introduction
1 Objective
2 Statement of the Research Problem
Section 2 Review of Literature
1 Physical Dimensions of the Grain
2 Rice Milling
3 Research Recommendations
4 Drying ofthe Grain
5 Equilibrium Moisture Content Conditions
6 Moisture Adsorption bythe Grain
Section 3 The Investigation
1 Preliminary Research
2 Selection of Rice Varieties and Types
3 Selection and Development of Equipment
4 Standard Procedure
5 Codification of Results
Section 4 Theoretical Considerations
1 Psychrometrics
2 Statistical Implications
Section 5 Results and Discussion
1 Critical Analysis of the Literature
2 Fissuringofthe Rice Grain
3 Evaluation of Grain Damage
4 Evaluation of Moisture Adsorption
Section 6 Summary and Conclusions
1 Summary
2 Conclusions
Chapter Eight
Effects of Temperature and Moisture Content on Mechanical Properties of Brown Rice
Section 1 Introduction
Section 2 Review of Literature
1 Rice Breakage during Milling
2 Mechanical Properties of Cereal Grains
3 Property Measurements through Compressive Loading
4 Property Measurements through Tensile Loading
Section 3 Materials and Equipment
1 Test Apparatus
2 Dynamic Relative Humidity System
Section 4 Procedure
1 Equilibration of Rice Grains
2 Determination of Moisture Content
3 Compression Experiments
4 Tension Experiments
5 Test Conditions
6 Determination of Strength during Moisture Adsorption
Section 5 Results and Discussion
1 Results
2 Discussion
Section 6 Summary and Conclusions
Chapter Nine
he Effect of Temperature and Time on the Mechanical Properties of Lightly Milled Rice
Section 1 Introduction
Section 2 Review of Literature
Section 3 Materials and Equipment
1 Test Apparatus
2 Dynamic Relative Humidity System
Section 4 Procedure
1 Milling and Equilibrating the Rice Grain
2 Compression Experiments
3 Tension Experiments
4 Determination of Strength during Moisture Adsorption
5 Scanning Electron Microscope Investigation
Section 5 Results and Discussion
1 Results
2 Discussion
Section 6 Conelnsions
Chapter Ten
Development Trend of Rice Fissures Detection Technology
Appendix
Chapter One Appendix
Chapter Two Appendix
Chapter Five Appendix
Chapter Six Appendix
Chapter Seven Appendix
Chapter Eight Appendix
Chapter Nine Appendix
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